What is “Withintrification?”

A March 2024 view of Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard | Ennis Davis, AICP

Most cities across the country are home to historic neighborhood commercial districts that have declined since the 1970s. In many cities, there are also similar districts that have undergone significant gentrification. However, it may be difficult to find good examples of “withintrification” of neighborhood commercial revitalization.

In contrast to gentrification, “withintrification” refers to revitalization that’s driven by the people already in the neighborhood. It means identifying assets in the community, bringing them together under common objectives, and raising the value of the place from within at a pace appropriate for revitalizing the existing community, not displacing it. The current residents of the community take the lead in revitalization, rather than newcomers or outside developers telling residents what they need and ultimately pricing them out. The term was coined by University of Pittsburgh professor Pastor John Wallace.

While common thought is that displacement is inevitable as revitalization occurs, Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard is an example that suggests otherwise. Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard is a historic commercial hub that has served the predominately African American neighborhood of Central City in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard History

Central City’s Dew Drop Inn was an important stop on the Chitlin’ Circuit. Recently reopened, it is noted as “the most important and influential club” in the development of rhythm and blues music in the city. | Ennis Davis, AICP

Separated from downtown by the Pontchartrain Expressway, Central City is a predominantly working-class African-American neighborhood associated with the city’s brass band and Mardi Gras Indian traditions. Dryades Street was the neighborhood’s commercial epicenter as far back as the 1830s.

Dryades Street was designed by Creole architect Barthelemy Lafon in 1809. In 1849, Dryades Market was established by the City of New Orleans at the intersection of Dryades and Melpomene (now Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard) Streets. For many years, the public market was one of the largest in the city. Anchoring Dryades Street, the market attracted additional commercial activity to the corridor.

A Masonic parade at the corner of Philip and Dryades Street | Historic New Orleans Collection

By the 1950s, featuring over 200 businesses, Dryades Street had become the main commercial destination for New Orleans’ Black community. However, while the majority of the shoppers were Black, few were business owners or able to obtain employment at retail establishments along the corridor.

During the 1950s and 60s, Dryades became the focal point of the city’s civil rights movement with local residents like Oretha Castle Haley (1939-1987), playing a leading role in the movement. In 1989, eight blocks of Dryades Street were renamed in honor of Haley, who challenged segregation in Central City and promoted voter registration during the 1950s and 60s.

Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964, like many similar historic urban commercial districts, the corridor declined during the 1970s and 1980s. Intentional and coordinated efforts from a variety of neighborhood groups and public initiatives to revitalize Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard date as far back as the mid-1990s.

This work included the Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard Merchants & Business Association’s successful effort in having the district designated as a Louisiana Main Street program in 2006. Since 1984, Louisiana Main Street has helped communities transform the way they think about the revitalization and management of their downtowns and neighborhood commercial districts.

In 2017, the corridor was nationally recognized as a Great American Main Street. Today, the commercial district continues to thrive as a place for culture, history, commerce and more. In town as a part of a planning consulting team working with a nearby neighborhood seeking equitable revitalization strategies to implement, I had the opportunity to spend some time on Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard with local stakeholders. Without a doubt, Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard is a good visual example for Jacksonville’s urban communities of what can happen when the principles of “Withintrification” are applied to the revitalization process.

Photos: Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard Today

The New Orleans Redevelopment Authority (NORA) offices are located in the Harrel Building. In a 2014 article, $7 million of public investment into Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard had leveraged over $53 million in additional private investment. | Ennis Davis, AICP

The former Myrtle Banks Elementary School at 1307 Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard. Once considered to be the most blighted property on the corridor, the 114-year-old structure was rehabilitated into a grocery store and office building in 2014. Viewed as a way to bring fresh, affordable food to a low-income neighborhood with few grocery options, the store opened in 2016. Unfortunately, the market struggled and closed its doors in 2019. Today, the building houses the New Orleans Office of Workforce Development. | Ennis Davis, AICP

Located at the intersection of Oretha Castle Haley and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevards, the New Orleans Jazz Market is a modern performing arts venue featuring a full-service bar, a 500-piece reading library, and the Digital Jazz Archive. The Jazz Market is an adaptive reuse of the former Gators Department Store building, which once housed the historic Dryades Market. | Ennis Davis, AICP

The intersection of Oretha Castle Haley and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevards. | Ennis Davis, AICP

The Southern Food and Beverage Museum was founded in 2004. In 2012, the institution dedicated to the discovery, understanding and celebration of food, drink and its related culture and folklife in America and the world, opened at a larger space on Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard in June 2012. | Ennis Davis, AICP

A view inside Café Reconcile. Located at 1631 Oretha Castle Haley Boulevard, Café Reconcile operates as a non-profit workforce training program, preparing ambitious young adults for careers in New Orleans’ celebrated hospitality industry. | Ennis Davis, AICP