The site of a Native American village

An example of a shell midden at Cedar Point Preserve. | Ennis Davis, AICP

Black Hammock Island is home to several shell middens. Shell middens, consisting of shellfish, fish and other wildlife bones, are cultural spaces left by our indigenous societies that once called the region home. People have lived on Black Hammock Island for 6,000 years. This includes the Mocama. A Timucua group, the Mocama lived in the coastal areas of what is now northern Florida and southeastern Georgia. In the early 2000s, University of North Florida students discovered artifacts dating as far back as 2500 BCE (Before Christian Era).

In addition, students discovered a Mocama community and the Spanish mission of Santa Cruz de Guadalquini on Black Hammock Island. Located at Cedar Point, Guadalquini was settled in 1684 after its indigenous population was forced to relocate from the south end of St. Simons Island in present day Georgia. The community relocated to nearby Fort George Island in 1696. Slave raiders later destroyed what was left of the community on Black Hammock Island in 1702.

Home to an antebellum plantation

The ruins of the Fitzpatrick Plantation house at Cedar Point Preserve. | Ennis Davis, AICP

440 acres of property at the south point of Black Hammock Island was granted to Don Guillermo (William) Fitzpatrick in 1795 by King Charles IV of Spain. At the time, this section of the island was known as Punta de las Sabinas. A native of Kingsland, Georgia, Fitzpatrick established a plantation that cultivated Sea Island Cotton. Records show that individuals named Bounty, Safat, Solomon, Derry, Pompy, Charles, Invenif, Tim, Harriett, Fibby, Amy, Birim, Marr, Bicil, and Sophia were enslaved at the Fitzpatrick Plantation. This enslaved African labor force was also used for the production of salt boiled from seawater. Eventually, the Fitzpatrick Plantation fell into financial ruin and was sold to Colonial John P. Broward in 1848. Ultimately, the Fitzpatrick Plantation was destroyed by Union forces during the Civil War. Today, a few ruins of the Fitzpatrick Plantation house survive in the dense forest of Black Hammock Island’s Cedar Point Preserve.

A prohibition era fishing destination

The ruins of Buddy’s Fish Camp at Horseshoe Creek. | Ennis Davis, AICP

A fish camp can refer to a restaurant that serves seafood and Southern comfort food, or a place where people fish and camp. During the early 20th century, fish camps expanded across northeast Florida as the region became more accessible to tourists. Cedar Point was no exception to this rule. In the 1920s, Buddy’s Fish Camp opened as a remote fishing destination located miles from civilization at the end of Cedar Point Road. Catering to a local clientele, Buddy’s was a spot where moonshine could be found during Prohibition. At Buddy’s, a fisherman could buy live bait, rent a boat on Horseshoe Creek, have their catch cleaned and fried to perfection. Buddy’s closed during the 1990s. While Buddy’s buildings were razed decades ago, at low tide, pillars in the water live on as reminders of Cedar Point’s early 20th century fish camp era.

One of two National Preserves in Florida

Walking along a stretch of a natural surface trail inside the Timucuan Ecological & Historic Preserve at Cedar Point. | Ennis Davis, AICP

Cedar Point is a part of the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. Established in 1988 and operated by the National Park Service, the preserve is one of two in the state of Florida. Comprising 46,000 acres of wetlands, waterways, and other habitats, the preserve is one of 21 protected areas of the United States designated as a national preserve. Home to more than 30 miles of natural surface trails, Black Hammock Island and Cedar Point are known as a destination in Jacksonville for nature seekers looking to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Cedar Point is located at 9023 Cedar Point Road.

Editorial by Ennis Davis, AICP. Photographs courtesy of wikipedia. Contact Ennis at edavis@moderncities.com